Cardiology

Experts in diagnosing and treating cardiac problems in children are fetal cardiologists. For kids who could need heart surgery, fetal cardiologists and cardiac surgeons work closely together to determine the best course of action. A range of heart problems can affect children. Certain structural differences are inherited. Some are related to the electrical circuitry that controls pulse frequency.

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a condition characterized by the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, typically caused by atherosclerosis. This build-up of plaque reduces blood flow to the heart muscle, leading to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath, and in severe cases heart attacks. CAD is a leading cause of death worldwide and is often managed through lifestyle changes procedures like angioplasty or coronary artery bypass surgery.

The disorder known as high blood pressure affects the arteries in the body. Also referred to as hypertension. If your blood pressure is excessive, the blood's continuous force on the arterial walls is too great. Blood pressure is measured in millimetres of mercury, or mm Hg. High blood pressure is often defined as a measurement of 130/80 mm Hg or higher.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) encompasses conditions that impact the heart or blood vessels. Among these, atherosclerosis leads to the accumulation of fatty deposits within arteries, causing them to stiffen and narrow (thrombosis), ultimately reducing blood flow to vital organs such as the body, brain, or heart. Additionally, children and teenagers can be vulnerable to specific types of heart diseases known as cardiovascular disorders.

There may be challenges unique to cardiovascular illness during pregnancy. Increased blood volume and heart rate, in addition to other pregnancy-related changes, can put extra strain on the heart, aggravating pre-existing conditions and causing new cardiovascular issues. We provide highly skilled treatment for women with cardiovascular illness before, during, and after pregnancy Cardiovascular Illness and Pregnancy programme.

Nuclear cardiology studies use noninvasive techniques to detect myocardial blood flow, evaluate the heart's pumping capacity, and pinpoint the site and severity of a heart attack. The most often used nuclear cardiology technique is cardiac perfusion imaging. To evaluate blood flow to the heart muscle, myocardial perfusion images are combined with exercise. There are two ways to exercise: using a stationary bike or a treadmil.

Early reports from Wuhan, China on the epidemiology of COVID-19 warned of serious complications that would likely occur in elderly patients and those with pre-existing cardiovascular disease, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cardiogenic shock, thromboembolic events, and death. Consequently, several reports from all around the world, including US and European investigations, have confirmed similar conclusions.

Cardiovascular pharmacology encompasses the medication classes utilized in treating and managing various cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, heart failure, angina, and arrhythmias. Cardiovascular disease stands as one of the foremost public health challenges and poses a substantial financial burden on Western healthcare systems.

Because the foetus does not use its own lungs until delivery, its circulatory system is different from that of a new born baby. The growing infant inside the uterus (womb) of the mother is referred to as a foetus. The placenta is a special organ that provides all of the nourishment a developing baby needs. One side of the placenta is attached to the uterus, and the other side is attached to the sac filled with liquid that contains the foetus. The umbilical cord is a special chord that connects the placenta and the growing foetus.

An electrophysiology (EP) inquiry, also referred to as an invasive cardiac electrophysiology study, is a series of tests that examine the electrical activity of the heart. The heart's electrical activity produces impulses, or signals, that control how frequently the heart beats. During an EP study, cardiologists can create an extremely accurate map of the signals that go between each heartbeat.

The internal appearance of a healthy heart is nearly identical. For women, this means that your heart health is unique. Women are particularly vulnerable to a range of heart-related issues because of the minute anatomical differences in their hearts. It's important to be aware of your risk factors and to see a doctor if you feel concerned.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is most likely to develop in patients with ischemic stroke (IS), mortality, cardiovascular death, all strokes, and major cardiovascular events, such as ventricular arrhythmias leading to cardiac arrest and rehospitalisation for heart failure.
• Using a complex weighted score that considers variables like age, the presence of AF, the age at which AF first manifested, prior thromboembolism, New York Heart Association class, left atrial size, mean wall thickness, and vascular disease, the HCM Risk-CVA (cerebrovascular accident) score can be used to predict IS.

Using medical images, cardiovascular imaging is a diagnostic radiography technique used to diagnose circulatory problems and identify anomalies in the heart. Numerous diseases can be identified with it, such as:

• Heart failure or valve problems.
• A cardiac attack resulting in damage.
• Hereditary heart disorders

During a heart transplant process, a healthy donor heart is used to replace a failing heart. Those whose symptoms have not improved enough with medication or other surgeries are usually in need of a heart transplant. Even though a heart transplant is a major operation, with the correct aftercare, your chances of survival are high.

• Cardiovascular disease
• Heart valve problems

Recent developments in cardiovascular imaging methods and technology are examined in this topic. Artificial intelligence applications for image analysis, contrast-enhanced imaging, 3D reconstruction, and high-resolution imaging are among the innovations. In cardiology, these developments improve diagnostic precision and enable individualised therapy planning.

The goal of heart failure management is to enhance the prognosis, quality of life, and symptoms of those who suffer from this illness. It includes a range of tactics, such as dietary changes, prescription drugs, and even surgical procedures.

• ACE inhibitors and diuretics
• BETA-blockers 

Innovations in cardiac surgery have led to the development of minimally invasive procedures, which involve smaller incisions and less tissue damage compared to traditional open-heart surgery. These techniques can result in faster recovery times, reduced pain, and lower risk of complications for patients.

• Robotic-Assisted Surgery
• Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
• Hybrid Procedures